Comparison Between Traditional and Alternated Resistance Exercises on Blood Pressure, Acute Neuromuscular Responses, and Rating of Perceived Exertion in Recreationally Resistance-Trained Men.

ABSTRACT: Corrêa Neto, VG, Silva, DdN, Palma, A, de Oliveira, F, Vingren, JL, Marchetti, PH, da Silva Novaes, J, and Monteiro, ER. Comparison between traditional and alternated resistance exercises on blood pressure, acute neuromuscular responses, and rating of perceived exertion in recreationally resistance-trained men. J Strength Cond Res 38(5): e211-e218, 2024-The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of traditional and alternated resistance exercises on acute neuromuscular responses (maximum repetition performance, fatigue index, and volume load), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and blood pressure (BP) in resistance-trained men. Fifteen recreationally resistance-trained men (age: 26.40 ± 4.15 years; height: 173 ± 5 cm, and total body mass: 78.12 ± 13.06 kg) were recruited and performed all 3 experimental conditions in a randomized order: (a) control (CON), (b) traditional (TRT), and (c) alternated (ART). Both conditions (TRT and ART) consisted of 5 sets of bilateral bench press, articulated bench press, back squat, and Smith back squat exercises at 80% 1RM until concentric muscular failure. The total number of repetitions performed across sets in the bench press followed a similar pattern for TRT and ART, with significant reductions between sets 3, 4, and 5 compared with set 1 (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference for set 4 between conditions with a lower number of repetitions performed in the TRT. The volume load was significantly higher for ART when compared with TRT. TRT showed significant reductions in BP after 10-, 40-, and 60-minute postexercise and when compared with CON after 40- and 60-minute postexercise. However, the effect size illustrated large reductions in systolic BP during recovery in both methods. Thus, it is concluded that both methods reduced postexercise BP.

Musculoskeletal Injury Prevalence, Pain Perception, and Physical Activity Level Among Brazilian Strength and Cross-Training Practitioners.

In this study, we sought to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries, perceived pain, and physical activity level among Brazilian practitioners of strength training (ST) and functional fitness (FF). Participants were 311 men and women who trained in 10 FF training centers and seven ST gyms. Each participant completed surveys of the prevalence of musculoskeletal injuries, their pain perception, and their physical activity level. A chi square test was used to analyze associations between groups and distributions of injuries. When any significant difference was observed, the difference score was analyzed through the adjusted residual values. Fisher's exact test was used to determined the associations between musculoskeletal injury prevalence and training modality (FF and ST) and between musculoskeletal injury prevalence and practice frequency (times/wk). To measure the magnitude of association between variables, the Phi coefficient was calculated for 2x2 associations and Cramer's V was used whenever the distributions were outside this standard. When the dependent variable presented a dichotomous characteristic, an Odds Ratio (OR) was calculated with a confidence interval of 95%. We found a higher musculoskeletal injury prevalence in the axial skeleton (n = 52; 83.88%) in FF practitioners and in the lower limbs of ST practitioners (n = 9; 52.96%). When the physical activity level cutoff point was set at 300 minutes per week, there was a significant relationship between physical activity and training modality (p = 0.005). There was also a significant association between pain perception and musculoskeletal injury (p < 0.001). Clinical follow-up was a protective factor to being injured (OR = 0.18; CI = 0.06-0.49), and, even after multivariate analysis this significant association was maintained (OR = 0.03; CI = 0.01 - 0.08). Thus, FF practitioners reported more musculoskeletal injuries than STs, and follow-up medical or physical therapy was a protective factor to these injuries. FF practitioners also had a higher level of weekly physical activity weekly than ST practitioners. Functional fitness practitioners may be at a higher risk of injuries than those who participate in traditional strength training.

Effects of foam rolling and strength training on post exercise hypotension in normotensive women: A cross-over study.

Foam rolling (FR) has recently become very popular among athletes and recreational exercisers and is often used during warm up prior to strength training (ST) to induce self-myofascial release. The purpose was to examine the acute effects of ST and FR performed in isolation or in combination on blood pressure (BP) responses during recovery in normotensive women. Sixteen normotensive and strength trained women completed four interventions: 1) rest control (CON), 2) ST only, 3) FR only, and 4) ST immediately followed by FR (ST + FR). ST consisted of three sets of bench press, back squat, front pull-down, and leg press exercises at 80% of 10RM. FR was applied unilaterally in two sets of 120 s to each of the quadriceps, hamstring, and calf regions. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) BP were measured before (rest) and every 10 min, for 60 min, following (Post 10-60) each intervention. Cohen's d effect sizes were calculated to indicate the magnitude effect by the formula d = Md/Sd, where Md is the mean difference and Sd is the standard deviation of differences. Cohen's d effect-sizes were defined as small (≥0.2), medium (≥0.5), and large (≥0.8). There were significant reductions in SBP for ST at Post-50 (p < 0.001; d = -2.14) and Post-60 (p < 0.001; d = -4.43), for FR at Post-60 (p = 0.020; d = -2.14), and for ST + FR at Post-50 (p = 0.001; d = -2.03) and Post-60 (p < 0.001; d = -2.38). No change in DBP was observed. The current findings suggest that ST and FR performed in isolation can acutely reduce SBP but without an additive effect. Thus, ST and FR can both be used to acutely reduce SBP and, importantly, FR can be added to a ST regimen without furthering the SBP reduction during recovery.

Manual myofascial release and muscle energy enhances trunk flexibility and strength in recreationally resistance-trained women: Cross-over study.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of myofascial release and muscle energy on acute outcomes in trunk extensors active range-of-motion and strength in recreationally resistance-trained women. Seventeen apparently healthy women performed three experimental protocols using a cross-over, randomized (counterbalanced in Latin Square format), and within-subjects design: a) range-of-motion and strength test after a manual myofascial release protocol (MFR); b) flexibility and strength test after a muscle energy protocol (ME); and c) range-of-motion and strength test without myofascial release or muscle energy (control condition). Active trunk range-of-motion was measured via a sit-and-reach test and trunk extension strength via isometric dorsal dynamometer. A significant increase in range-of-motion was found for MFR (p = 0.002; d = 0.71) and ME (p < 0.001; d = 0.47) when comparing post-intervention with baseline values. Similarly, a significant increase for strength was found for MFR (p = 0.018; d = 0.10) when comparing post-intervention with baseline values. In conclusion, both techniques (MFR and ME) improved trunk range-of-motion with the sit and reach test immediately post-intervention; however, MFR showed greater magnitude increases in range-of-motion (MFR: (medium magnitude) vs ME: small magnitude). Due to the potential health implications, both (MFR and ME) responses should be among the many considerations for rehabilitation and performance exercise prescription when prescribing an exercise regimen.

Effects of Different Recovery Modalities on Delayed Onset Muscle Soreness, Recovery Perceptions, and Performance Following a Bout of High-Intensity Functional Training.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the foam rolling technique and static stretching on perceptual and neuromuscular parameters following a bout of high-intensity functional training (HIFT), which consisted of 100 pull-ups, 100 push-ups, 100 sit-ups, and 100 air squats (Angie benchmark) in recreationally trained men (n = 39). Following baseline measurements (Feeling Scale, Visual Analogue Scale, Total Quality Recovery, Sit-and-Reach, Countermovement Jump, and Change-of-Direction t-test), the volunteers performed a single bout of HIFT. At the end of the session, participants were randomly assigned to one of three distinct groups: control (CONT), foam rolling (FR), or static stretching (SS). At the 24 h time-point, a second experimental session was conducted to obtain the post-test values. The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Regarding power performance, none of the three groups reached pretest levels at 24 h point of the intervention. However, the CONT group still showed a greater magnitude of effect at the 24 h time-point (ES = 0.51, p ≥ 0.05). Flexibility presented the same recovery pattern as power performance (post × 24 h CONT = ES = 0.28, FR = ES = 0.21, SS = ES = 0.19). At 24 h, all groups presented an impaired performance in the COD t-test (CONT = ES = 0.24, FR = ES = 0.65, SS = ES = 0.56 p ≥ 0.05). The FR protocol resulted in superior recovery perceptions (pre × 24 h TQR = ES = 0.32 p ≥ 0.05). The results of the present study indicate that the use of FR and SS exercises may not be indicated when aiming to restore neuromuscular performance following a single bout of HIFT. The use of the FR technique during the cooldown phase of a HIFT session may be helpful in improving an individual's perception of recovery.

Physical Activity Level and Muscular Power of Physical Education Students / Nível de Atividade Física e Potência Muscular de Estudantes de Educação Física

Being physically active is an indispensable condition for health and quality of life. In addition, literature has presented promising studies on muscle power associations with other parameters of health-related physical fitness. However, there is still little evidence to assess the level of physical activity and muscle power. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the level of physical activity and muscular power of physical education students of a course in Rio de Janeiro. In order to reach the proposed goal, 37 physical education students of both sexes, with a mean age of 26.13 years, participated in responding the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and performing the horizontal impulse jump test for muscular power. As a result, it was observed that 86% of men were classified as very active and active. For women, 63,63% were identified as very active and active. For power, mean values of 2.02 ± 0.16 for men and 1.48 ± 0.27 for women were obtained. Therefore, it was concluded that both males and females are physically active, although males represent a greater quantitative muscle power, which is largely inferior to previously published studies. (AU).

Ser ativo fisicamente constitui condição indispensável para a saúde a qualidade de vida. Além disso, a literatura tem apresentado estudos promissores sobre as associações da potência muscular com outros parâmetros da aptidão física relacionada à saúde. No entanto, ainda são poucas as evidências que buscaram avaliar nível de atividade física e potência muscular. Dessa forma, o objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar o nível de atividade física e a potência muscular de estudantes de educação física de um curso no Rio de Janeiro. Para atingir ao objetivo proposto 37 estudantes de educação física, de ambos os sexos, com média de idade de 26,13 anos participaram ao responder ao Questionário Internacional de Atividade Física (IPAQ) e executar o teste de salto de impulsão horizontal para potência muscular. Como resultado, foi observado que 86% dos homens foram classificados como muito ativos e ativos. Já para mulheres 63,63% foram identificadas como muito ativas e ativas. Para potência obteve-se os valores de média de 2,02 ± 0,16 para homens e 1,48 ± 0,27 para mulheres. Portanto, concluiu-se que tanto o sexo masculino quanto o feminino são ativos fisicamente, embora os homens representem um maior quantitativo a potência muscular mostrou-se inferior, em grande parte, aos estudos anteriormente publicados. (AU).

Posterior Thigh Foam Rolling Increases Knee Extension Fatigue and Passive Shoulder Range-of-Motion.

Monteiro, ER, Costa, PB, Corrêa Neto, VG, Hoogenboom, BJ, Steele, J, and da Silva Novaes, J. Posterior thigh foam rolling increases knee extension fatigue and passive shoulder range-of-motion. J Strength Cond Res 33(4): 987-994, 2019-The purpose of this study was to analyze the acute effects of different foam rolling (FR) volumes on knee extensors fatigue and shoulder passive range-of-motion (PROM). Twelve recreationally active women were recruited for participation in 2 experiments separated by 3 weeks, and the same subjects performed all procedures in each experiment. In experiment 1, subjects performed 3 sets of knee extensions using a predetermined 10 repetition maximum load to momentary concentric failure: control condition (CG) with passive rest and 2 FR conditions for the hamstrings using 2 volumes (60 and 120 seconds; FR60 and FR120, respectively). Experiment 2 consisted of 2 shoulder flexion and extension baseline PROM tests. Following baseline measures, subjects performed a single 60-second bout of FR on the hamstrings. Outcome PROM measures were measured through manual goniometry immediately (post-0), 10 minutes (post-10), 20 minutes (post-20), 30 minutes (post-30), 24 hours (post-24), and 48 hours (post-48) after the intervention to assess the effects on PROM over an extended period. Fatigue index indicated significantly greater fatigue resistance for CG when compared with FR60 (p = 0.035; [INCREMENT]% = 6.49) and FR120 (p = 0.002; [INCREMENT]% = 9.27), and there were no significant differences between FR60 and FR120 (p = 0.513; [INCREMENT]% = 2.78). Shoulder flexion PROM increased in post-0 as compared to baseline 1 (p = 0.002; d = 1.58), baseline 2 (p < 0.001; d = 1.92), and baseline higher measurement (p < 0.001; d = 1.59) and remained increased for post-10 as compared to baseline 2 (p = 0.017; d = 1.55). Shoulder extension PROM increased in post-0 as compared to baseline 1 (p < 0.001; d = 2.61), baseline 2 (p < 0.001; d = 2.83), and baseline higher measurement (p < 0.001; d = 2.59) and remained increased for post-10 as compared to baseline 1 (p < 0.001; d = 1.93), baseline 2 (p < 0.001; d = 2.16), and baseline higher measurement (p < 0.001; d = 1.91) and post-20 as compared to baseline 1 (p = 0.008; d = 1.58), baseline 2 (p = 0.001; d = 1.85), and baseline higher measurement (p = 0.011; d = 1.55). Foam rolling volumes equal to or greater than 60 seconds are detrimental to the ability to continually produce force in the lower extremity and should not be applied to the hamstrings muscle group between sets of knee extensions. PROM results indicate that FR applied to the hamstrings demonstrates an increase in both shoulder flexion and extension PROM. This work may have important clinical (rehabilitation) implications, as it demonstrates global effects of FR on functional outcomes.

Correlação Entre Índice de Massa Corporal, Potência Muscular e Consumo de Oxigênio de Estudantes de Educação Física / Correlation among Body Mass Index, Muscle Power, and Oxygen Consumption of Physical Education Students

A prática de exercícios é aceita como uma importante ferramenta no que tange seu impacto em relação à melhora do rendimento físicoesportivo, bem como na saúde da população. O objetivo do presente estudo foi verificar possíveis correlações entre o consumo máximo de oxigênio (VO2máx), potência muscular (ImpHoriz) e o índice de massa corporal (IMC) em estudantes de Educação Física. Dezesseis estudantes de Educação Física de uma faculdade particular localizada na zona oeste do Rio de Janeiro, de ambos os sexos, foram recrutados para o presente estudo. Os participantes realizaram três testes, durante três dias não consecutivos, com intervalo de 48 horas entre eles. Durante o primeiro dia de teste, medição da massa corporal total e altura foram realizadas para posterior cálculo do índice de massa corporal, o segundo dia de teste consistiu na avaliação da capacidade cardiorrespiratória e terceiro dia de teste consistiu na avaliação de força de membros inferiores. Como resultado, não foram encontradas boa correlação entre IMC e VO2máx (r = -0,168) e ImpHoriz (r = 0,242). Em contrapartida, foi observada boa correlação entre ImpHoriz e VO2máx (r = 0,801). Conclui-se que o IMC está diretamente relacionado com a potência muscular. Entretanto, em indivíduos fisicamente ativos esse fator parece não influenciar.(AU).

Physical exercise is accepted as an important tool related to the improvement in physical-sports performance, as well as the general population's health. The purpose of the present study was to verify possible correlations among maximal oxygen consumption (VO2máx), muscle power (ImpHoriz), and body mass index (BMI) in Physical Education students. Sixteen Physical Education students from a private university located in the Western zone of Rio de Janeiro, of both sexes, were recruited for the present study. Participants performed three tests, during three non-consecutive days, with 48 hours rest interval among them. During the first testing day, total body mass and height measurement were performed for mass index calculation. The second and third testing day consisted of the cardiorespiratory capacity and lower limb muscle power evaluation, respectively. As result, weak correlation was found between BMI and VO2máx (r = -0.168) and ImpHoriz (r = 0.242). However, strength correlation was observed between VO2máx and ImpHoriz (r = 0.801). It is concluded that BMI is directly related to muscle power. However, in physically active subjects this factor does not influence.(AU).

Efeitos da Liberação Miofascial Sobre a Flexibilidade: uma Revisão Sistemática / Effects of Myofascial Release on Flexibility: a Systematic Review

As evidências contemporâneas sobre os ganhos de flexibilidade em função da técnica de liberação miofascial ainda apresentam resultados inconclusivos. Portanto, o objetivo do presente estudo foi revisar, de forma sistemática, as evidências sobre os efeitos da liberação miofascial sobre os ganhos de flexibilidade. A busca dos artigos foi realizada no Google Acadêmico até maio de 2017, com a aplicação dos seguintes descritores: "liberação miofascial", "flexibilidade" e "foam roller". Foram encontrados 22 artigos e após a aplicação dos devidos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, quatro investigações apresentaram elegibilidade para compor a presente revisão. As evidências encontradas, de maneira totalitária, apontam a eficiência da liberação miofascial em promover aumento nos ganhos de flexibilidade, seja de forma aguda ou crônica. Sendo assim, sob a égide das evidencias em tela, sugere-se a liberação miofascial como uma estratégia pertinente e eficiente, em sua aplicação, no que diz respeito aos ganhos de flexibilidade. (AU).

Current myofascial release evidence on flexibility gains still present inconclusive results. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to systematically review the evidence on the effects of myofascial release on flexibility. Google Scholar database were searched during May 2017 for studies containing the words "myofascial release", "flexibility", and "foam roller". 22 papers were found and after applying the appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria four investigations presented eligibility to compose the present review. As a result, in a totalitarian way, it was pointed to the efficiency of the myofascial release in flexibility increases either acute or chronic. Thus, under the aegis of on-screen evidence, myofascial release is suggested as a relevant and efficient strategy in its application regarding the flexibility gains. (AU).

Prevalência de Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica em Estudantes de Educação Física de uma Universidade Pública no Rio de Janeiro / Prevalence of Systemic Arterial Hypertension in Physical Education Students at Rio de Janeiro Public University

Contemporaneamente, as doenças crônicas degenerativas como a hipertensão arterial sistêmica - HAS representam um problema de saúde pública mundial. Nesse contexto, a HAS diagnosticada, quando os níveis tensionais se mantêm cronicamente elevados e acima das categorizações de corte atribuídas como de normalidade, representa um risco aumentado no que diz respeito a eventos e comprometimentos de ordem cardiocirculatória. Levando-se em consideração que indivíduos que têm acesso ao Ensino Superior, hipoteticamente, possuem níveis socioeconômico e culturais privilegiados se espera que os mesmos apresentem hábitos de vida categorizados como satisfatórios e se acredita que tais hábitos contribuam com um efeito profilático e de tratamento, no que diz respeito aos níveis tensionais. Dessa forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica em estudantes do curso de bacharelado em Educação Física de uma Universidade Pública no Rio de Janeiro. Para tal, foi realizado o cálculo probabilístico e, por fim, 290 indivíduos compuseram o grupo amostral. Cada sujeito teve sua pressão arterial aferida duas vezes pelo método oscilométrico com intervalo mínimo de 10 minutos entre as medidas. A estatística descritiva aponta uma prevalência de 12,4% de hipertensão arterial sistêmica nessa população. Esse valor não deve ser negligenciado, tendo em vista o caráter jovem e, possivelmente, ativo dessa população. (AU)

Currently, chronic degenerative such as systematic arterial hypertension (SAH) has represented a global public health problem. In this context, SAH diagnosed when blood pressure levels remain chronically elevated above the cut categorizations attributed to normality, represents an increased risk regarding events and cardiac involvement. Individuals who have access to higher education have, hypothetically, privileged socioeconomic and cultural levels are expected to have satisfactory living habits categorized as satisfactory and it is believed that such habits contribute to a prophylactic and treatment effect concerning blood pressure levels. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to identify the prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension in Physical Education undergraduate students at Rio de Janeiro Public University. To this end, the sample size was calculated and 290 subjects participated in the study. Each subject had their blood pressure measured twice by the oscillometric method with a minimum interval of 10-minutes among the measurements. The descriptive statistics indicates a prevalence of 12.4% of systemic arterial hypertension in this population. This value may not be neglected in view of the young and possible active character of this population. (AU)

Influencia de la intensidad de la carga en la presión arterial tras una sesión de entrenamiento de fuerza / Influence of load intensity on blood pressure after a resistance training session

Este estudio tuvo como objetivo comparar la respuesta de la presión arterial en los hombres normotensos entrenados realizando sesiones experimentales con cargas del 60 y el 80% de una repetición máxima. Diez participantes se sometieron a 3 condiciones experimentales: P60 (sesión realizada con el 60%); P80 (sesión realizada con el 80% de una repetición máxima [1RM]), y CONT (solo las evaluaciones de la presión arterial en el estado de reposo durante 60 min [intervalos de 10 min]). El protocolo experimental se llevó a cabo con 3 series, con intervalo de 3 min entre las series y los ejercicios. La presión arterial se midió antes y a los 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 y 60 min después de la sesión de entrenamiento. Los resultados mostraron que ambos protocolos indujeron hipotensión postejercicio (p < 0,05) en comparación con los valores en reposo. El P80 mostró una mayor magnitud y duración de la hipotensión postejercicio en comparación con el protocolo P60 (p < 0,05). En conclusión, el entrenamiento de fuerza es eficaz para proporcionar hipotensión postejercicio independientemente de la intensidad de la carga. Por lo tanto, en esta investigación es importante mostrar la relevancia del control de la intensidad de la carga durante el desarrollo de los programas de entrenamiento de fuerza. El entrenamiento de fuerza con el 60% de 1RM puede ser tan eficaz como los protocolos con 80% de 1RM para prevenir la presión arterial alta en los hombres

This study aimed to compare the blood pressure responses in normotensive-trained men following resistance training (RT) experimental sessions with loads of 60% and 80% of a one-repetition maximum. Ten participants underwent three experimental condition: (P60) - session adjusted with 60%, (P80) - session adjusted with 80% of 1 repetition maximum (1RM) and, (CONT) - conly blood pressure assessments in rest condition for 60 min (intervals of 10 min). The resistance training design was adjusted with 3-sets, 3-min rest interval length between sets and exercises. Blood pressure was measured before, and at 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 min after the training session. The results showed that both protocols induce post-exercise hypotension (p < 0.05) compared to the rest values. The P80 showed greater magnitude and duration of post exercise hypotension when compared with P60 protocol (p < 0.05). In conclusion, resistance training is effective to provide a post exercise hypotension independent of the load intensities. This study is important to show the importance of control of the load intensity during development of resistance training programs and, the RT with 60% of 1RM can be as effective as protocols with 80% of 1RM to prevent the high blood pressure

Respostas pressóricas em mulheres normotensas treinadas adotando diferentes ordens de exercícios nas sessões de treinamento de força / Blood pressure responses in normotensive-trained women adopting different exercises order during resistance training sessions

Introdução: entre as diversas variáveis do treinamento de força (TF), a ordem dos exercícios provavelmente é uma das mais ignoradas pelos praticantes e treinadores na sua prescrição. Objetivo: investigar o efeito de diferentes ordens de exercícios nas respostas da pressão arterial (PA) após uma sessão de TF. Métodos: oito mulheres normotensas com experiência prévia em TF realizaram três protocolos distintos: SEQA foi adotado uma ordem de alternância dos segmentos; SEQB os exercícios foram realizados dos membros inferiores para os membros superiores; e SEQC a ordem foi oposta ao SEQB. Após o treinamento, os valores pressóricos (sistólico, diastólico e médio) foram analisados ao longo de 60 minutos a partir de um aparelho digital. Resultado: a sessão de TF não promoveu efeito hipotensivo pós esforço redução em nenhuma das diferentes ordens e não houve diferença significativa entre os protocolos. Conclusão: a ordem dos exercícios no TF não é uma variável que influencie na PA pós esforço.

Introduction: the exercise order in resistance training (RT) is one of the different variables that can be used but ignored by practitioners and coaches. Objective: investigate the effect of different exercise order in the arterial pressure responses after a RT session. Methods: eigth women experienced in RT performed three distinct protocols: SEQA was performed alternating limbs training session; SEQB was done with exercises for the lower limbs to the upper limbs; and SEQC followed an opposite sequence to SEQB. After each protocol, the blood pressure values (systolic, diastolic and mean) were analyzed during 60 minutes using a digital model. Results: in the present study, the RT did not reduced the arterial pressure values after each protocol and there was no significant diferences between each set configuration. Conclusion: the findings suggest that exercise order in a RT do not alter de arterial pressure responses after session.

Impacto da atividade física na hipertensão arterial em adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade / Impact of physical activity on arterial hypertension in overweight and obese adolescents

Introdução: A obesidade é tida como importante fator de risco para hipertensão arterial sistêmica, enquanto a atividade física é vista como um agente protetor contra essa doença. Contudo, em grupos de adolescentes com excesso de peso, parecem existir poucas investigações sobre tais associações. Objetivo: Analisar a associação entre diferentes níveis de atividade física e HAS em uma amostra composta por adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade. Métodos: Selecionaram-se 181 adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesidade, sendo mensurados seus hábitos de prática de atividade física e sua pressão arterial. Um modelo de regressão de Poisson foi aplicado para determinar o impacto da atividade física na hipertensão arterial sistêmica. Resultado: Não existiu associação entre prática de atividade física e hipertensão arterial no grupo amostral investigado (p>0,05). Conclusão: Em adolescentes com sobrepeso e obesos, a atividade física não se caracterizou como um fator de proteção diante da hipertensão arterial sistêmica.

Introduction: Obesity has been considered an important risk factor for systemic arterial hypertension, while physical activity is seen as a protective agent against this disease. However, in groups of adolescents presenting excessive body weight, there seem to be few investigations focusing on such associations. Objective: To analyze the association between different levels of physical activity on systemic arterial hypertension in a sample composed of overweight and obese adolescents. Methods: The physical activity practices and arterial pressure of 181 overweight and obese adolescents were measured and a Poisson regression model was applied to determine the impact of physical activity on systemic arterial hypertension. Result: There was no association between physical activity practices and arterial hypertension in the sample group investigated (p>0.05). Conclusion: In adolescents with overweight and obese, physical activity was not characterized as being a protective factor in relation to systemic arterial hypertension.

[Arterial hypertension among adolescents in Rio de Janeiro: prevalence and association with physical activity and obesity]. / Hipertensão arterial em adolescentes do Rio de Janeiro: prevalência e associação com atividade física e obesidade.

The scope of this study was to identify the prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension among adolescent students (aged 17-19 years) in the third and final year of high school in state schools in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, and to investigate associations between systemic arterial hypertension and obesity and physical activity levels. Data on arterial pressure, body mass index and physical activity were gathered. The analysis included 854 individuals. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied to the sample, along with a Poisson regression model to determine the impact of the variables on the prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension. The prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension was 19.4%. Male sex, overweight and obesity presented significant positive associations with systemic arterial hypertension (p < 0.05), while physical activity was not shown to be significantly associated with systemic arterial hypertension (p > 0.05). The nature of these relationships should be interpreted in the light of reflection and not of passive labeling based on hegemonic concepts.

Hipertensão arterial em adolescentes do Rio de Janeiro: prevalência e associação com atividade física e obesidade / Arterial hypertension among adolescents in Rio de Janeiro: prevalence and association with physical activity and obesity

O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica em adolescentes estudantes do 3º ano do ensino médio de escolas públicas estaduais dentro do município do rio de Janeiro com idade entre 17 e 19 anos, bem como investigar as associações de hipertensão arterial sistêmica com obesidade e níveis de atividade física. Dados de pressão arterial, índice de massa corporal e atividade física, foram coletados. A amostra foi composta por 854 indivíduos, a estatística descritiva foi aplicada na amostra, bem como um modelo de regressão de Poisson para determinar o impacto das variáveis na prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica. A prevalência de hipertensão arterial sistêmica foi de 19,4%. Sexo masculino, sobrepeso e obesidade se associaram positiva e significativamente com hipertensão arterial sistêmica (p < 0,05), já atividade física não mostrou associação significativa com hipertensão arterial sistêmica (p > 0,05). A natureza dessas relações deveria ser interpretada a luz da reflexão e não de rotulações passivas embasadas em conceitos hegemônicos.

The scope of this study was to identify the prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension among adolescent students (aged 17-19 years) in the third and final year of high school in state schools in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, and to investigate associations between systemic arterial hypertension and obesity and physical activity levels. Data on arterial pressure, body mass index and physical activity were gathered. The analysis included 854 individuals. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied to the sample, along with a Poisson regression model to determine the impact of the variables on the prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension. The prevalence of systemic arterial hypertension was 19.4%. Male sex, overweight and obesity presented significant positive associations with systemic arterial hypertension (p < 0.05), while physical activity was not shown to be significantly associated with systemic arterial hypertension (p > 0.05). The nature of these relationships should be interpreted in the light of reflection and not of passive labeling based on hegemonic concepts.

[Blood pressure and its association with physical activity and obesity in adolescents: a systematic review]. / Pressão arterial e suas associações com atividade física e obesidade em adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática.

In the light of the importance of the impacts that obesity and physical activity may have on blood pressure (BP) among adolescents, and the suggestion that abnormal pressure levels at young ages are maintained into more mature stages of these individuals' lives, the scope of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the associations between obesity and BP and between physical activity and BP among adolescents. The PubMed database was consulted to search for scientific articles relating to this topic and, after applying the appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 articles were selected and analyzed. To assess the quality of articles Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology was applied. The results suggest that despite the existence of hegemonic thinking to guide these relationships, BP and physical activity do not always have negative associations, and BP and obesity do not always have positive associations. The conclusion reached is that this situation illustrates the need for more in-depth reflection on these relationships before pre-established paradigms are passively accepted.

Pressão arterial e suas associações com atividade física e obesidade em adolescentes: uma revisão sistemática / Blood pressure and its association with physical activity and obesity in adolescents: a systematic review

Diante da relevância do impacto que a obesidade e a atividade física podem possuir perante a pressão arterial (PA) em adolescentes, e da sugerida manutenção de cifras pressóricas alteradas em idades jovens para fases mais maduras da vida indivíduo, o presente estudo tem por objetivo revisar de forma sistemática a associação entre obesidade e PA, e entre atividade física e PA em adolescentes. A base de dados PubMed foi consultada para a busca de artigos científicos referentes ao tema, e após aplicar os devidos critérios de inclusão e exclusão, 30 artigos foram selecionados e analisados. Para avaliar a qualidade dos artigos, foi usado o Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology. Os resultados sugerem que embora exista um pensamento hegemônico norteando tais relações, PA e atividade física nem sempre possuem associações negativas e PA e obesidade nem sempre mostram associações de cunho positivo. Conclui-se que tal quadro ilustra a necessidade de reflexões mais profundas sobre tais relações antes da aceitação passiva de paradigmas pré-estabelecidos.

In the light of the importance of the impacts that obesity and physical activity may have on blood pressure (BP) among adolescents, and the suggestion that abnormal pressure levels at young ages are maintained into more mature stages of these individuals' lives, the scope of this study is to conduct a systematic review of the associations between obesity and BP and between physical activity and BP among adolescents. The PubMed database was consulted to search for scientific articles relating to this topic and, after applying the appropriate inclusion and exclusion criteria, 30 articles were selected and analyzed. To assess the quality of articles Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology was applied. The results suggest that despite the existence of hegemonic thinking to guide these relationships, BP and physical activity do not always have negative associations, and BP and obesity do not always have positive associations. The conclusion reached is that this situation illustrates the need for more in-depth reflection on these relationships before pre-established paradigms are passively accepted.